EE - 456 / E01 spring 2003

Advanced Communications Theory

Professor: Arida

Submitted By:

Andrew Buettner

Partner:

Steven Thomas

Lab #4: Spectral Measurement

Saturday, April 26, 2003



Table Of Contents

        1) Cover Page 1

        2) Table of Contents 2

        3) Objective 4

        4) Components Used 4

        5) Procedures 4

        6) Lab Data / Results 5

          1) Diagram 1 5

          2) Diagram 2 6

          3) Diagram 3 6

          4) Diagram 4 7

          5) Diagram 5 7

          6) Diagram 6 8

          7) Diagram 7 8

          8) Diagram 8 9

          9) Diagram 9 9

          10) Diagram 10 10

          11) Diagram 10 10

          12) Diagram 10 11

          13) Diagram 10 11

          14) Diagram 10 12

          15) Diagram 10 12

          16) Diagram 10 13

          17) Diagram 10 13

          18) Diagram 10 14

          19) Diagram 10 14

          20) Diagram 10 15

          21) Diagram 10 15

        7) Answers to Lab Questions 16

        8) Conclusions 16


        Table Of Contents (Continued)

        9) Attachments 16


      1. Original lab handout

      2. Original lab data

      3. Calculations

      4. Octave® log






GNU Octave, version 2.1.31 (i586-pc-cygwin).

Copyright (C) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000 John W. Eaton.

This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.

For details, type `warranty'.


*** This is a development version of Octave. Development releases

*** are provided for people who want to help test, debug, and improve

*** Octave.

***

*** If you want a stable, well-tested version of Octave, you should be

*** using one of the stable releases (when this development release

*** was made, the latest stable version was 2.0.16).


octave:1> n=0:15;

octave:2> x = cos(2*pi*n/8);

octave:3> x = cos(2*pi*n/4);

octave:4> plot (x)

octave:5> X =fft(x);

octave:6> plot(abs(X));

octave:7> x = cos(2*pi*n/8);

octave:8> plot (x)

octave:9> X =fft(x);

octave:10> plot(abs(X));

octave:11> x = cos(2*pi*n/16);

octave:12> plot (x)

octave:13> X =fft(x);

octave:14> plot(abs(X));

octave:15> x = cos(2*pi*n/2);

octave:16> plot (x)

octave:17> X =fft(x);

octave:18> plot(abs(X));

octave:19> x = cos(2.1*pi*n/4);

octave:20> plot (x)

octave:21> X =fft(x);

octave:22> plot(abs(X));

octave:23> x2=x.*hamming(16)';

octave:24> plot(x2)

octave:25> X2 =fft(x2);

octave:26> plot(abs(X2));

octave:27> fir(1)


1 coefficients

Max = 1.000000

Scale factor = 4.000000

Scale shift = 2


float hex

b[0] = 1.0000 4000

octave:28> x=ad(100);

k = 100

octave:29> plot(x)

octave:30> x=fft(X);

error: `X' undefined near line 30 column 7

error: evaluating argument list element number 1

error: evaluating index expression near line 30, column 3

error: evaluating assignment expression near line 30, column 2

octave:30> X=fft(x);

octave:31> plot(abs(X))

octave:32> X=zeros(1,16);

octave:33> X(2)=1;

octave:34> X(16)=1;

octave:35> x=real(ifft(X));

octave:36> plot(abs(X))

octave:37> plot(x)

octave:38> x=8192.*x;

octave:39> da(x)

k = 16

x[0] = 1024.000000

x[1] = 946.052612

x[2] = 724.077332

x[3] = 391.867828

x[4] = 0.000000

x[5] = -391.867828

x[6] = -724.077332

x[7] = -946.052612

x[8] = -1024.000000

x[9] = -946.052612

x[10] = -724.077332

x[11] = -391.867828

x[12] = 0.000000

x[13] = 391.867828

x[14] = 724.077332

x[15] = 946.052612

xint[0] = 1024

xint[1] = 946

xint[2] = 724

xint[3] = 391

xint[4] = 0

xint[5] = -391

xint[6] = -724

xint[7] = -946

xint[8] = -1024

xint[9] = -946

xint[10] = -724

xint[11] = -391

xint[12] = 0

xint[13] = 391

xint[14] = 724

xint[15] = 946

octave:40> AM=zeros(1,64);

octave:41> AM(9)=1.5;

octave:42> AM(57)=1.5;

octave:43> AM(8)=.8;

octave:44> AM(10)=.8;

octave:45> AM(56)=.8;

octave:46> AM(58)=.8;

octave:47> am=real(ifft(AM));

octave:48> plot(am)

octave:49> plot(AM)

octave:50> da(am)

k = 64

x[0] = 0.096875

x[1] = 0.068331

x[2] = 0.000000

x[3] = -0.066979

x[4] = -0.093069

x[5] = -0.064326

x[6] = 0.000000

x[7] = 0.060476

x[8] = 0.082230

x[9] = 0.055575

x[10] = 0.000000

x[11] = -0.049812

x[12] = -0.066009

x[13] = -0.043409

x[14] = 0.000000

x[15] = 0.036611

x[16] = 0.046875

x[17] = 0.029680

x[18] = 0.000000

x[19] = -0.022883

x[20] = -0.027741

x[21] = -0.016479

x[22] = 0.000000

x[23] = 0.010716

x[24] = 0.011520

x[25] = 0.005816

x[26] = 0.000000

x[27] = -0.001965

x[28] = -0.000681

x[29] = 0.000687

x[30] = 0.000000

x[31] = -0.002039

x[32] = -0.003125

x[33] = -0.002039

x[34] = 0.000000

x[35] = 0.000687

x[36] = -0.000681

x[37] = -0.001965

x[38] = 0.000000

x[39] = 0.005816

x[40] = 0.011520

x[41] = 0.010716

x[42] = 0.000000

x[43] = -0.016479

x[44] = -0.027741

x[45] = -0.022883

x[46] = 0.000000

x[47] = 0.029680

x[48] = 0.046875

x[49] = 0.036611

x[50] = 0.000000

x[51] = -0.043409

x[52] = -0.066009

x[53] = -0.049812

x[54] = 0.000000

x[55] = 0.055575

x[56] = 0.082230

x[57] = 0.060476

x[58] = 0.000000

x[59] = -0.064326

x[60] = -0.093069

x[61] = -0.066979

x[62] = 0.000000

x[63] = 0.068331

xint[0] = 0

xint[1] = 0

xint[2] = 0

xint[3] = 0

xint[4] = 0

xint[5] = 0

xint[6] = 0

xint[7] = 0

xint[8] = 0

xint[9] = 0

xint[10] = 0

xint[11] = 0

xint[12] = 0

xint[13] = 0

xint[14] = 0

xint[15] = 0

xint[16] = 0

xint[17] = 0

xint[18] = 0

xint[19] = 0

xint[20] = 0

xint[21] = 0

xint[22] = 0

xint[23] = 0

xint[24] = 0

xint[25] = 0

xint[26] = 0

xint[27] = 0

xint[28] = 0

xint[29] = 0

xint[30] = 0

xint[31] = 0

xint[32] = 0

xint[33] = 0

xint[34] = 0

xint[35] = 0

xint[36] = 0

xint[37] = 0

xint[38] = 0

xint[39] = 0

xint[40] = 0

xint[41] = 0

xint[42] = 0

xint[43] = 0

xint[44] = 0

xint[45] = 0

xint[46] = 0

xint[47] = 0

xint[48] = 0

xint[49] = 0

xint[50] = 0

xint[51] = 0

xint[52] = 0

xint[53] = 0

xint[54] = 0

xint[55] = 0

xint[56] = 0

xint[57] = 0

xint[58] = 0

xint[59] = 0

xint[60] = 0

xint[61] = 0

xint[62] = 0

xint[63] = 0

octave:51> am=8192.*am;

octave:52> da(am)

k = 64

x[0] = 793.599976

x[1] = 559.765259

x[2] = 0.000000

x[3] = -548.688538

x[4] = -762.421082

x[5] = -526.960693

x[6] = 0.000000

x[7] = 495.416748

x[8] = 673.630920

x[9] = 455.268921

x[10] = 0.000000

x[11] = -408.060089

x[12] = -540.747131

x[13] = -355.604431

x[14] = 0.000000

x[15] = 299.917786

x[16] = 384.000000

x[17] = 243.140213

x[18] = 0.000000

x[19] = -187.453583

x[20] = -227.252869

x[21] = -134.997925

x[22] = 0.000000

x[23] = 87.789085

x[24] = 94.369064

x[25] = 47.641262

x[26] = 0.000000

x[27] = -16.097321

x[28] = -5.578943

x[29] = 5.630523

x[30] = 0.000000

x[31] = -16.707281

x[32] = -25.600000

x[33] = -16.707281

x[34] = 0.000000

x[35] = 5.630523

x[36] = -5.578943

x[37] = -16.097321

x[38] = 0.000000

x[39] = 47.641262

x[40] = 94.369064

x[41] = 87.789085

x[42] = 0.000000

x[43] = -134.997925

x[44] = -227.252869

x[45] = -187.453583

x[46] = 0.000000

x[47] = 243.140213

x[48] = 384.000000

x[49] = 299.917786

x[50] = 0.000000

x[51] = -355.604431

x[52] = -540.747131

x[53] = -408.060089

x[54] = 0.000000

x[55] = 455.268921

x[56] = 673.630920

x[57] = 495.416748

x[58] = 0.000000

x[59] = -526.960693

x[60] = -762.421082

x[61] = -548.688538

x[62] = 0.000000

x[63] = 559.765259

xint[0] = 793

xint[1] = 559

xint[2] = 0

xint[3] = -548

xint[4] = -762

xint[5] = -526

xint[6] = 0

xint[7] = 495

xint[8] = 673

xint[9] = 455

xint[10] = 0

xint[11] = -408

xint[12] = -540

xint[13] = -355

xint[14] = 0

xint[15] = 299

xint[16] = 384

xint[17] = 243

xint[18] = 0

xint[19] = -187

xint[20] = -227

xint[21] = -134

xint[22] = 0

xint[23] = 87

xint[24] = 94

xint[25] = 47

xint[26] = 0

xint[27] = -16

xint[28] = -5

xint[29] = 5

xint[30] = 0

xint[31] = -16

xint[32] = -25

xint[33] = -16

xint[34] = 0

xint[35] = 5

xint[36] = -5

xint[37] = -16

xint[38] = 0

xint[39] = 47

xint[40] = 94

xint[41] = 87

xint[42] = 0

xint[43] = -134

xint[44] = -227

xint[45] = -187

xint[46] = 0

xint[47] = 243

xint[48] = 384

xint[49] = 299

xint[50] = 0

xint[51] = -355

xint[52] = -540

xint[53] = -408

xint[54] = 0

xint[55] = 455

xint[56] = 673

xint[57] = 495

xint[58] = 0

xint[59] = -526

xint[60] = -762

xint[61] = -548

xint[62] = 0

xint[63] = 559

octave:53>